Formulation of a topical cream from Heliotropium foertherianum extract for potential application in the supportive treatment of jellyfish sting-induced skin injuries

Abstract

Heliotropium foertherianum leaves are a rich source of rosmarinic acid, a phenolic compound with promising biological activities. This study aimed to develop a topical cream containing a rosmarinic acid-rich extract from H. foertherianum leaves and establish its quality specifications. Cream formulations were prepared by direct emulsification using different concentrations of oil phase and emulsifiers. The physicochemical properties of the formulations, including appearance, homogeneity, physical stability, washability, spreadability, and pH, were evaluated to identify the optimal composition. The selected formulation consisted of 75% aqueous phase, 20% oil phase, and 5% Aquagel 35S. The cream showed good physical characteristics, satisfactory stability, a spreadability of 39,85 cm², and a pH value of 6.47. Quality specifications were established and successfully verified in three independent batches. Rosmarinic acid was quantified by HPLC and used as a marker compound for quality control. The developed formulation provides a suitable basis for further studies on the biological activity.