Numerical investigation of internal ballistics in solid rocket motors using a multi-step simulation method
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https://doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.FMC.2026.37-44Keywords:
Solid rocket motor; Internal ballistics; Multi-step simulation; Composite propellant; Complex burning surface.Abstract
This paper presents a study on the internal ballistic calculation of a solid rocket motor using a multi-step simulation approach. The proposed method employs the CFX solver to simulate the thermodynamic behavior of combustion products within the combustion chamber and nozzle over time. The computational model is updated after each time step, accurately reflecting the evolution of the propellant grain geometry and the volumetric expansion of the combustion chamber during the burning process. The study was applied to a solid rocket motor with an inner diameter of 360 mm, utilizing a single-perforated cylindrical grain with partially milled slots. Experimental thrust measurements demonstrated a discrepancy of less than 2.5% compared with the simulation results, thereby validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model. This research provides a scientific basis for the development of advanced simulation tools to support the design and performance prediction of rocket motors under practical operating conditions. Furthermore, the proposed approach contributes to reducing experimental costs, which is particularly significant for large-scale rocket motors with high manufacturing expenses.
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