Màng phân hủy sinh học Poly(axit lactic)/ZnO/Pluronic composite: Tính chất cơ học, hiệu quả kháng khuẩn và ứng dụng trong bảo quản trái cây
13 lượt xemDOI:
https://doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.109.2026.78-86Từ khóa:
PLA; ZnO NPs; Pluronic P123; Bao gói thực phẩm; Bảo quản trái cây.Tóm tắt
Trong nghiên cứu này, các màng composite trên cơ sở poly(lactic acid) (PLA), kẽm oxit dạng hạt nano (ZnO NPs) và Pluronic P123 (0,5–1,5% khối lượng ZnO/Plu) đã được chế tạo và đặc trưng về cấu trúc, tính chất cơ học, khả năng kháng khuẩn và thử nghiệm khả năng bảo quản trái cây. Điều kiện tối ưu được xác định tại hàm lượng 1,0% khối lượng ZnO/Plu, tương ứng với cường độ kéo đứt (15,7 MPa), độ giãn dài khi đứt (~0,7%) và độ hòa tan trong nước sau 24 giờ giảm đều ứng với sự phân tán đồng đều của tác nhân ZnO/Plu, được khẳng định thông qua kết quả phân tích SEM/EDX và FTIR. Các màng chế tạo được cho thấy hoạt tính kháng khuẩn mạnh, phụ thuộc nồng độ đối với Escherichia coli và Bacillus subtilis, với hiệu quả ức chế cao nhất tại 1,0%. Khi được sử dụng làm bao gói chủ động cho chuối, màng chứa 1,0% ZnO/Plu hạn chế tốt nhất sự hao hụt khối lượng, duy trì độ axit chuẩn độ và hàm lượng vitamin C, đồng thời bảo toàn chất lượng cảm quan, qua đó cho thấy tiềm năng ứng dụng như một vật liệu bao gói chủ động, có khả năng phân hủy sinh học cho giai đoạn sau thu hoạch.
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